Witness Statements in Irish Public Liability Claims
Author: Gary Matthews, Principal Solicitor, Law Society of Ireland PC No. S8178
Office: 3rd Floor, Ormond Building, 31-36 Ormond Quay Upper, Dublin D07
Tel: 01 903 6408 ·
This is general information about witness evidence in Irish public liability claims, not legal advice. Every case depends on its own facts. If you have been injured, speak with a solicitor about your specific situation.
A witness statement is a written account from a person who saw an accident happen or observed the conditions that caused it. In Irish public liability claims, witness evidence can determine whether liability is accepted or disputed.
Under the Personal Injuries Resolution Board Act 2022 [1], the Injuries Resolution Board (IRB, formerly the Personal Injuries Assessment Board or PIAB, renamed in December 2023) assesses most personal injury claims on paper alone, without oral hearings. A well-drafted witness statement is often the only way to put a third party's account before the assessor.
Just had an accident in a public place? Do these three things now, before you leave the scene:
1. Get the full name and mobile phone number of anyone who saw what happened.
2. Take photos of the hazard, the floor, any warning signs (or lack of them), and your injuries.
3. Ask the witness to describe what they saw while you record a voice memo on your phone.
You are now inside the 72-Hour Evidence Window. The sooner you record accounts, the stronger they are.
At a glance: Gather witness contact details at the scene. Record their account within 72 hours while memory is fresh. Structure the statement chronologically with observed facts only. Include a Statement of Truth as required by Section 21 of the 2020 Act [2] if the statement will be used in court. Give all materials to your solicitor. Independent witnesses carry the most weight with insurers and the IRB.
Quick answers
Contents
What is a witness statement in a public liability claim?
A witness statement in an Irish public liability claim is a written record of what a person directly saw, heard, or experienced during or immediately after an accident on premises controlled by another party. The statement captures facts: the condition of the floor, the absence of warning signs, the behaviour of staff. These details help establish whether the occupier breached their duty of care under the Occupiers' Liability Act 1995 [7].
The statement is not a legal argument. Under Irish evidence rules, a witness can only testify to facts within their own direct sensory knowledge. Reporting what someone else said about the accident generally falls foul of the hearsay rule [8] and carries little or no weight.
| Admissible (direct observation) | Inadmissible (hearsay) |
|---|---|
| "I saw the floor was wet and there were no warning cones." | "Another customer told me the floor had been wet for an hour." |
| "I heard the manager say 'we knew about that leak this morning.'" | "I was told by my friend that the manager admitted fault." |
| "I felt the surface was greasy underfoot when I walked through that area." | "Everyone says that shop always has wet floors." |
The distinction matters: a witness can report what they personally heard someone say at the scene (direct evidence). Reporting what a third party later told them about the incident is hearsay and generally inadmissible for proving liability.
↑ Back to topWhy does witness evidence matter in Irish public liability claims?
Witness evidence in Irish public liability claims establishes whether the occupier knew or should have known about a hazard and failed to act. In many accidents, the legal question is not whether a fall occurred, but whether the premises owner had notice of the danger. A slip on a wet floor, a trip on a broken footpath, or a fall in a hotel or supermarket all turn on this point.
A detail that catches many claimants off guard: the most valuable witness is often not the person who saw you fall. The person who saw the hazard before you fell is typically more important. A shopper who noticed a puddle on the supermarket floor twenty minutes earlier, or a pedestrian who walked past a cracked paving slab every day for weeks, provides testimony that goes directly to whether the occupier had constructive notice of the danger.
Without witness evidence, the claim may rest entirely on the claimant's own account, which insurers routinely challenge. The European e-Justice Portal [9] confirms that in Irish civil proceedings, the claimant bears the burden of proof on the balance of probabilities. Third-party corroboration through witness statements strengthens that proof considerably.
How hazard duration affects the liability question
Witness testimony about how long a hazard was present directly affects the legal test. The longer the hazard existed without being addressed, the stronger the argument that the occupier had constructive notice.
| Hazard duration before accident | Liability position | What witness evidence proves |
|---|---|---|
| Under 5 minutes | Difficult to establish notice. The occupier may argue they had no reasonable opportunity to detect and address the hazard. | A witness confirming the hazard appeared moments before the fall weakens the constructive notice argument. |
| 15 to 30 minutes | Stronger. If the premises had a reasonable inspection system, the hazard should have been identified and addressed within this window. | A witness stating "I saw that puddle when I arrived twenty minutes ago and nothing was done" directly proves the occupier's system failed. |
| Over 1 hour or recurring | Strong. Extended presence or repeated occurrence makes it very difficult for the occupier to argue they had no knowledge. | Multiple witnesses, or a single witness who observed the hazard on previous visits, establishes a pattern of neglect. |
Who can be a witness? Types and credibility weighting
Not all witness evidence carries equal weight with insurers, the IRB, or an Irish court. The credibility of a witness depends on their relationship to the claimant, their vantage point, and their independence.
| Witness type | Definition | Typical weight |
|---|---|---|
| Independent bystander | A person with no familial, social, or financial connection to the claimant. Another shopper, a passer-by, a customer in the same premises. | Highest. Both courts and insurers view this testimony as inherently objective. A single strong independent statement can resolve a disputed liability question. |
| Associated witness | A friend, spouse, or family member who was present during the accident. | Moderate. Useful for describing the aftermath and impact of injuries, but vulnerable to allegations of bias on how the accident occurred. |
| Employee witness | A staff member of the premises where the accident occurred: a cleaner, receptionist, or manager. | Exceptionally high when available. An employee confirming prior knowledge of a hazard is direct proof of notice under the Occupiers' Liability Act 7. Employees rarely provide formal statements against their employer. |
| Expert witness | A consulting engineer, medical professional, or other specialist retained to give an opinion. | Specialised. Expert witnesses testify to technical matters, not the accident itself. Medical expert evidence is covered on our medical evidence page. |
The European e-Justice Portal 9 confirms that spouses and relatives of the parties may be compelled to give evidence in Irish civil proceedings. Family members are not automatically excluded. The court weighs their evidence on its merits, taking potential bias into account.
↑ Back to topWhat should a witness statement include?
A strong witness statement for an Irish public liability claim should contain seven elements, set out in chronological order.
1. Witness identification. Full name, address, phone number, and email address. Note their relationship (or lack of relationship) to the claimant.
2. Date, time, and location. The exact date and approximate time of the accident, and the specific location within the premises. For example: "Aisle 4 of the Tesco supermarket on Jervis Street, Dublin 1."
3. Conditions at the scene. Lighting, weather (for outdoor accidents), floor condition, presence or absence of warning signs, staffing activity.
4. The accident itself. A factual, chronological account of what the witness directly saw happen. Written in the witness's own natural voice and vocabulary, not rewritten in legal language.
5. Immediate aftermath. Visible injuries, the claimant's distress, whether staff attended, what anyone said at the scene.
6. Prior observations. Did the witness notice the hazard before the accident? For how long? Had they seen the same hazard on previous visits? Evidence of prior observation goes directly to the question of notice and breach of duty.
7. Signature and date. The witness should sign and date the statement. For court use, the statement must include a Statement of Truth.
Practical tip: Ask the witness to note their vantage point, where exactly they were standing and how far away they were from the accident. Also record whether the witness wears corrective lenses and, if outdoors, whether it was dark. These details matter during cross-examination.
Sample witness statement structure
No Irish competitor provides an on-page template showing what a properly structured witness statement looks like. The sample below uses a fictional supermarket scenario to illustrate the numbered-paragraph format that Irish solicitors, insurers, and the IRB expect. Adapt it to your own accident.
Sample witness statement (fictional example)
1. My name is [Full Name]. I live at [Address]. My phone number is [Number] and my email is [Email]. I have no personal or financial connection to the injured person.
2. On [Date] at approximately [Time], I was shopping in [Store Name] at [Address]. I was in [specific aisle or area].
3. I noticed a pool of clear liquid on the tiled floor near the chilled goods section. There were no warning signs, cones, or barriers around the wet area. I did not see any staff members in the immediate area.
4. I had first noticed the liquid approximately 20 minutes earlier when I passed through the same aisle. At that time, the liquid was already present and no cleaning had taken place.
5. I then heard a loud noise and turned to see [Claimant Name] on the ground. They appeared to have slipped on the liquid. They were holding their right wrist and appeared to be in considerable pain.
6. A staff member arrived after approximately 3 to 4 minutes. The staff member said words to the effect of "this keeps happening in this section." The staff member then placed a yellow warning cone next to the wet area.
7. I confirm that this statement is based on my own observations. I have not discussed the content of this statement with the injured person before writing it.
Signed: ______________________ Date: ______________
For court use, add the Statement of Truth declaration below the signature: "I have an honest belief that the facts stated in this Statement of Truth are true. I understand that it is a crime to make a Statement of Truth if I do not honestly believe it is true."
Witness statement completeness checker
Tick off each element you have gathered. This is for your own reference only.
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How to gather witness evidence after an accident
Statements gathered within 72 hours of an accident are treated as near-contemporaneous by insurers and the IRB. We call this the 72-Hour Evidence Window. The reason is grounded in cognitive science: research on memory decay shows that people typically lose 50% or more of event detail within 48 hours unless the memory is reinforced by recording it. After 72 hours, a witness's recall of specifics like floor conditions, lighting, the position of warning signs, and the words spoken by staff is materially weaker. Defence barristers exploit these gaps during cross-examination. Recording the account early locks in the factual detail before it degrades.
From handling these cases in Irish courts, one reality stands out: the defendant's side does not wait. Within days of a reported accident, premises owners and their insurers typically send loss adjusters to photograph the scene, take their own witness statements from employees, review CCTV, and inspect cleaning logs. Their version of events will be professionally assembled. If the claimant does nothing during this window, the only written accounts of the accident may be the ones gathered by the other side.
Step 1: Identify witnesses at the scene. Immediately after the accident, once you have received any urgent medical attention, look around. Other customers, passing pedestrians, delivery drivers, and staff may all have observed the hazard or the accident itself.
Step 2: Collect contact details. Get each witness's full name, mobile phone number, and email address. For employees, get their personal number if possible. Staff members frequently move to different locations or leave their employment, making a business phone number useless within weeks.
Step 3: Record their account. While still at the scene or as soon as practicable, ask the witness to describe what they observed. You can record a voice memo on your phone (with their permission), write it down together, or ask them to write it themselves. A 15-second phone video taken at the scene can be more persuasive than a written statement taken weeks later, because it captures conditions in real time.
Step 4: Have them review and sign. If you have written down their account, ask the witness to read it, make any corrections in their own words, and sign it with the date.
Step 5: Give everything to your solicitor. Your solicitor will review the statements, assess their strength, and advise on any follow-up needed.
Do not coach witnesses. Never tell a witness what to say or ask them to exaggerate. Under Section 26 of the Civil Liability and Courts Act 2004 6, if a claimant knowingly gives or adduces evidence that is false or misleading, the court is required to dismiss the personal injury action entirely.
How strong is your witness evidence?
Answer these five questions to get a quick assessment. This is general guidance, not legal advice.
1. Do you have at least one witness who is independent (not a friend or family member)?
2. Did you collect their contact details (name, phone, email) at the scene?
3. Was the witness's account recorded within 72 hours of the accident?
4. Can the witness describe the hazard before the accident (not just the fall itself)?
5. Has the witness signed and dated their written statement?
Verbal admissions by staff: how to preserve them
What most guides miss: the sections below cover aspects of witness evidence that no competitor page in the Irish market addresses.
When an employee says something at the scene that acknowledges the hazard, those words can become some of the strongest evidence in a public liability claim. Statements such as "sorry, we knew about that" or "the cleaner was supposed to mop that up ages ago" or "this keeps happening" are verbal admissions of notice. They go directly to whether the occupier knew about the danger and failed to act.
The problem is that verbal admissions are easily denied later. By the time a formal defence is filed, the employee may not remember saying it, or the employer's legal team may instruct them not to confirm it. Preserving the admission at the scene is critical.
What to do: Write down the exact words spoken, who said them, and when. Note the speaker's name, role, and any identifying details (uniform, name badge). If possible, ask your witness to confirm they also heard the comment. Include the verbal admission in the witness statement using the formula: "[Name/description of staff member] said words to the effect of [exact quote]." The phrase "words to the effect of" is the standard phrasing used in Irish legal proceedings when recalling spoken words.
What is the Statement of Truth under the 2020 Act?
The Statement of Truth is a prescribed declaration introduced by Section 21 of the Civil Law and Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2020, replacing the traditional requirement for sworn affidavits in many Irish civil proceedings. The legislation was originally prompted by the practical challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Source: 2020 Act (Revised) 2.
A witness statement intended for court use must now conclude with a declaration meeting the requirements of the Act. The standard formulation used in practice reads: "I have an honest belief that the facts stated in this Statement of Truth are true. I understand that it is a crime to make a Statement of Truth if I do not honestly believe it is true."
The penalties for making a false Statement of Truth are severe. Under Section 21(4) and (5) of the 2020 Act, making a statement without an honest belief in its truth constitutes a criminal offence. The penalties on indictment include a fine of up to €250,000, imprisonment for up to five years, or both.
When is the Statement of Truth required? The requirement applies to statements used in court proceedings. At the IRB assessment stage, the IRB does not require sworn documents. Drafting every statement to court-ready standards from the outset avoids the need to re-take evidence later and signals to the respondent's insurer that the evidence has been prepared rigorously.
How are witness statements used at each stage of a claim?
A witness statement passes through several stages in an Irish public liability claim, and its role changes at each one. Between assessment and settlement, the sticking point is usually how well the written evidence holds up without the witness being present to explain it.
Stage 1: IRB assessment
According to the Personal Injuries Resolution Board Act 2022 1, the IRB assesses claims on paper, without oral hearings. The written witness statement is the only way to introduce third-party corroboration. If liability is disputed and the statement lacks sufficient detail, the IRB has no mechanism to call the witness for clarification. The statement must be exhaustive and self-contained.
Stage 2: Pre-trial disclosure
If the IRB assessment is rejected, the claim enters litigation. Under S.I. 391/1998 (Rules of the Superior Courts) [10], both parties in a personal injury action must disclose the names and addresses of all witnesses they intend to call, plus all expert reports, within one month of service of the Notice of Trial.
Stage 3: Court proceedings
At trial, witnesses ordinarily give evidence orally in open court, subject to cross-examination. The written statement serves as the foundation for their testimony, but the witness must attend to confirm and expand on their account. Any deviation between the written statement and the oral evidence will be highlighted by the opposing barrister. The e-Justice Portal 9 notes that Irish courts also permit evidence by video link, particularly where a witness is outside the jurisdiction.
↑ Back to topWhat happens if a witness refuses to cooperate?
A witness cannot be forced to give a voluntary pre-trial written statement, but can be compelled to attend court by a witness summons (subpoena). If they decline a written statement, there are no immediate legal consequences for them.
Irish law provides two types of subpoena in civil proceedings. A subpoena ad testificandum requires the witness to attend court and give oral evidence. A subpoena duces tecum requires the witness to attend and produce documents in their possession, such as a cleaning schedule or an incident log. According to the Irish Legal Blog (Updated 2024) [11], a subpoena must be served personally within 12 weeks of issue and should be accompanied by a sum for travel expenses. A person who fails to attend after being served with a valid subpoena is guilty of contempt of court.
One detail that surprises clients: employee witnesses are often the most valuable in supermarket and hotel claims, but they rarely provide formal statements against their employer. An experienced solicitor can use the formal discovery process to obtain the premises' accident report book, CCTV footage, and maintenance records, which may corroborate the claimant's account without requiring the employee to testify voluntarily.
↑ Back to topHostile witnesses: when a statement changes
A hostile witness in Irish law is a person who, having been called to give evidence by one party, appears unwilling to tell the truth. The situation typically arises when a witness gives oral evidence in court that contradicts their earlier written statement.
If a witness reverses their position, the party who called them can apply to the trial judge to have them declared hostile. Once declared hostile, the witness can be cross-examined by the party that originally called them, including being shown their prior inconsistent written statement. The procedure is governed by the Criminal Procedure Act 1865, which applies in civil proceedings.
Irish courts actually expect minor variations between different witnesses' accounts of the same event. Slightly different recollections are a recognised psychological phenomenon. A court is more likely to be suspicious if multiple witness statements are word-for-word identical, because that pattern suggests coordination rather than genuine independent accounts.
↑ Back to topCan you make a public liability claim without any witnesses?
Yes. Witness evidence strengthens a claim, but plenty of successful Irish public liability claims proceed without eyewitnesses. Other forms of evidence can support liability:
CCTV footage often captures the accident and conditions that caused it. Under GDPR, you are entitled to request a copy of any footage containing your image. See our CCTV evidence guide.
The accident report book is the premises' official log of the incident, often completed by staff on the day. See our accident report book page.
Maintenance and cleaning records can show whether the occupier had (or should have had) notice of the hazard.
Photographs and phone video taken at or shortly after the accident.
Medical evidence linking your injuries to the mechanism of the accident. See our medical evidence page.
Res ipsa loquitur. According to the European e-Justice Portal (Updated 2024) 9, under this legal doctrine a presumption of negligence may arise where the cause of the accident was under the defendant's control and the accident would not normally have happened if proper care had been taken. The doctrine can shift the burden of proof onto the defendant even without eyewitness testimony.
No witnesses? Don't assume you have no claim. If you were injured in a public place and believe it was caused by someone else's negligence, speak with a public liability solicitor who can assess the full picture of available evidence.
Drafting a witness statement: what to do and what to avoid
| Do | Avoid |
|---|---|
| Record the account in chronological order, using numbered paragraphs for clarity. | Including personal opinions on who was legally at fault. Stick to observed facts. |
| Use the witness's own natural voice and vocabulary. If they describe a hazard as "a big slippery patch," write that, not "an uncontained liquid spillage." | Allowing a solicitor to heavily rewrite the statement in legal jargon. Courts treat over-engineered statements as unreliable. |
| Include the Statement of Truth declaration if the statement will be used in court. | Including anything the witness learned from third parties after the event (hearsay). |
| Note sensory details: what they saw, heard, smelled, or felt underfoot. | Adding information the witness did not personally observe, even if it is true. |
| Gather the statement within the 72-Hour Evidence Window while memory is fresh. | Waiting weeks and then asking the witness to reconstruct events. Delayed statements are inherently less reliable. |
Case law insight: why the witness's own voice matters. In Mackenzie v Rosenblatt Solicitors [2023] EWHC 331 (Ch), an English High Court case, the judge criticised witness statements that appeared to have been drafted by the claimant's legal team rather than reflecting the genuine recollections of the witnesses. The judge noted that if statements had truly reflected each witness's own words, natural differences in personality, vocabulary, and phrasing would have been evident. While this is an English decision under the Civil Procedure Rules, Irish courts apply the same principle when assessing credibility during oral testimony: a statement that reads like a legal document rather than a real person's account will be treated with suspicion. The practical lesson: record what the witness actually says, in the language they actually use.
Witness evidence and CCTV: complementary, not interchangeable
CCTV and witness statements serve different functions and work together to build a stronger liability argument. A common misconception is that if CCTV footage exists, a witness statement adds nothing. The IRB statistics don't capture how often claims fail because claimants rely on CCTV alone, only to find the footage is unavailable, too grainy, or covers the wrong angle.
CCTV systems frequently suffer from poor resolution, obstructive camera angles, or short retention windows where footage is automatically overwritten within 7 to 30 days. More fundamentally, a silent camera cannot capture what a human witness can: the texture of a floor surface, the smell of a chemical spillage, the exact words spoken by staff at the scene, or the visible distress of the claimant immediately after the fall.
The strongest public liability claims combine multiple forms of evidence. CCTV shows the hazard was present. A witness statement confirms how long the hazard was visible. Maintenance records show no inspection took place. Medical evidence links the injuries to the fall. Each piece corroborates the others.
↑ Back to topCommon questions about witness statements in public liability claims
Do I need witnesses to make a public liability claim in Ireland?
No. Witness evidence strengthens a claim but is not always essential. CCTV, accident reports, maintenance records, photographs, and medical evidence can all support liability even without eyewitnesses. The legal doctrine of res ipsa loquitur may apply where the circumstances speak for themselves.
Can a witness refuse to give a statement?
Yes. A person can decline to provide a voluntary pre-trial written statement without legal consequence. If the case goes to court, a witness can be compelled to attend and testify by a witness summons (subpoena). Disobeying a validly served summons is contempt of court. Source: Citizens Information 3.
Can family members be witnesses in an injury claim?
Yes. Family members, spouses, and relatives are compellable witnesses in Irish civil proceedings. The court weighs their evidence on its merits, taking potential bias into account. An independent bystander carries more weight on the question of how the accident occurred, but family testimony can be valuable for describing the impact of injuries on daily life.
Do witness statements need to be signed?
For IRB assessment, a signed statement is advisable but not formally required as a sworn document. For court proceedings, the statement must include a Statement of Truth under the 2020 Act 2 and should be signed and dated by the witness.
How long after an accident can a witness statement be taken?
There is no strict legal deadline, but sooner is better. Statements taken within the 72-Hour Evidence Window are treated as near-contemporaneous. After that period, memory decay makes the account progressively less reliable and more vulnerable to challenge during cross-examination.
What makes a witness statement worthless in court?
Several factors can undermine a statement. Containing hearsay rather than direct observation. Reading as though it was drafted by a solicitor rather than in the witness's own words. Contradicting the claimant's account or other evidence. The witness refusing to attend court to give oral testimony and be cross-examined.
What is the Statement of Truth and when is it needed?
A Statement of Truth is a prescribed declaration under Section 21 of the 2020 Act 2. The required wording is: "I have an honest belief that the facts stated in this Statement of Truth are true. I understand that it is a crime to make a Statement of Truth if I do not honestly believe it is true." Making a false statement carries penalties of up to €250,000 and five years' imprisonment.
How does the IRB use witness statements?
The IRB 4 assesses most personal injury claims on paper, without oral hearings. The written witness statement is the only way to present third-party evidence at assessment stage. If the respondent disputes liability and the statement is vague or incomplete, the IRB cannot call the witness for clarification. Detailed, well-structured statements are essential.
Can a child be a witness in a public liability claim?
Yes. In school, playground, and creche accident claims, children are sometimes the only people who saw what happened. Irish courts may hear evidence from a child through a live television link, and questions can be put through an intermediary if needed. The court will assess whether the child is capable of giving an intelligible account of events. A parent or guardian cannot give evidence about what the child told them, as that would be hearsay. The child's own account, recorded as soon as possible in age-appropriate language, carries the weight.
What if I cannot find my witness later?
Witnesses move house, change phone numbers, and leave jobs. Collecting multiple forms of contact (mobile, email, home address) at the scene is critical for this reason. If a witness becomes untraceable, a solicitor can explore formal tracing options. If the case goes to court and the witness cannot be found, a previously signed statement may still carry some weight, though a witness who attends to give oral evidence is always stronger.
What to consider next
What other evidence do I need alongside witness statements?
A strong public liability claim typically combines witness statements with photographs of the hazard, CCTV footage, the premises' accident report book, and medical evidence linking the injury to the accident. For a full overview, see our evidence guide.
How long do I have to bring a public liability claim in Ireland?
In most cases, you have two years from the date of the accident (or from the date of knowledge of the injury). Special rules apply for children and cases involving delayed knowledge. See our time limit page for details.
What compensation can I claim for a public liability accident?
Compensation in Irish public liability claims is assessed under the Judicial Council Personal Injuries Guidelines (2021) [12]. Awards depend on the nature and severity of the injury, recovery time, and financial losses. Every case is assessed individually. See our compensation guide.
Witness evidence matters, but gathering it properly matters more
Strong witness evidence can make the difference between a disputed claim and a settled one. If you have been injured in a public place and you have witnesses, the priority is to gather their accounts within the 72-Hour Evidence Window before memory fades.
For advice specific to your situation, speak with a solicitor experienced in public liability claims. A solicitor can assess the full picture and advise on next steps, including whether the evidence available is likely to support a successful claim.
This is general information about witness evidence in Irish public liability claims, not legal advice. Every case depends on its own facts. Consult a solicitor for advice on your specific situation.
References
- Personal Injuries Resolution Board Act 2022, Irish Statute Book.
- Civil Law and Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2020 (Revised), Law Reform Commission.
- Being a Witness, Citizens Information (Updated 2025).
- Making a Claim, Injuries Resolution Board (2025).
- Statute of Limitations 1957, s.11, Irish Statute Book.
- Civil Liability and Courts Act 2004, s.8 and s.26, Irish Statute Book.
- Occupiers' Liability Act 1995, Irish Statute Book.
- The Rule Against Hearsay, Law Reform Commission.
- Taking of Evidence (Ireland), European e-Justice Portal (Updated 2024).
- Disclosure of Reports and Statements (S.I. 391/1998), Courts Service of Ireland.
- Witness Evidence, Irish Legal Blog (Updated 2024).
- Personal Injuries Guidelines, Judicial Council of Ireland (2021).
Related guides in this section
Evidence for public liability claims
How to prove a public liability claim
CCTV and accident evidence
Accident report book
Medical evidence for public liability claims
Public liability compensation in Ireland
Time limit for public liability claims
Public liability claims FAQ
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